Aglepristone is used as a safe abortion drug for cats, dogs and rabbits. Although finding no serious side effects of it, we also have no information available about its effects on haematological parameters.
For the first time clinical and ultrasonographic features and haematological profiles were evaluated in rabbits treated with aglepristone 15 and 16 days after mating. Ten healthy New Zealand White female rabbits of 10–14 month-old were mated with fertile males and their pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasound after 15 days. Among them, 5 were treated with aglepristone (test group, n=5) while the remaining five (control group, n=5) were treated with a saline solution (0.9% NaCl). The treatment dosage was 10 mg/kg body weight, administered subcutaneously once daily on two consecutive days (day 15 and 16 after copulation). Ultrasonographic, clinical and haematological examinations were conducted daily. Aglepristone treatment induced embryonic fluid resorptions without foetal death in mid-gestation terminations. After ultrasonographic and haematological examinations done, aglepristone was confirmed to be a safe abortion drug for rabbits.
As a progesterone receptor blocker, the function of aglepristone has previously been studied in mid-term termination of pregnancy and the prevention of implantation in rabbits. Aglepristone is a synthetic steroid with anti-progesterone activity. Furthermore, it is widely used as the first licensed antiprogestin in small animal practice in most European, Latin American and Pacific countries. Although aglepristone is applied to cats and dogs, there are fully-testified side effects.
As is reported, there are anorexia, necrosis, itching at injection sites and a decline in body temperature. Transient and reversible haematological changes have been reported in 4.5% of dogs after the application of aglepristone, including neutrophilia, neutropaenia, thrombocytosis, haematocrit variation, lymphocytosis and lymphopaenia.
However, for rabbits, aglepristone’s abortifacient effects and prevention of implantation have no clinical side effects. Even in the future mating behavior, pregnancy and parturition rates, are well recorded. Embryonic or foetal development and placental growth can be testified by ultrasonographic examinations. Pregnancy can be confirmed through ultrasonography based on the detection of embryonic vesicles on the 6th day of pregnancy and heartbeat of an embryo on the 14th day after mating in rabbits.
Ultrasonography is also an important method for monitoring embryonic or foetal viability, so it is useful to determine foetal mortality in induced abortions in rabbits. Haematological examinations, in turn, are used to examine general health and physiological changes in animals. During treatment, routine haematological monitoring is suggested to enable identification and control of any toxic side effects of the medication. Although finding no serious side effects of aglepristone clinically, we alos get no information on haematological changes during aglepristone application in rabbits. This study therefore aimed at describing the clinical features and haematological profiles after aglepristone-induced abortions by monitoring the foetus, foetal membranes and embryonic vesicles ultrasonographically during the abortion process.
Aglepristone
Wednesday, May 15, 2019
Monday, March 25, 2019
Inhibition of dihydromyricetin on several common bacteria in Food
Plants themselves can synthesize certain secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity and act as a defense against microorganisms. Some flavonoids and isoflavones belong to secondary metabolites of this plant and also have certain antibacterial activity. It has been reported that flavonoids, flavonol flavone ligands and apigenin ligands have certain Antibacterial activities. Dihydromyricetin, known as dihydromyricetin (DMY), is also a flavonoid found in the stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grosseden-tata plants. The DMY monomer of effective fraction is above 27%, which has research and development value. Studies have shown that the leaf extract of the ampelopsis grossedentata has a certain inhibitory effect on bacteria and mold, and the antibacterial activity of DMY has not been reported. Therefore, this experiment aims to study the antibacterial effect of DMY on several common bacteria in food, in order to provide reference for food preservation and DMY development. Food is easily susceptible to suffer microbial contamination and decays. Adding micro-preservatives to foods is a convenient, low-cost, cost-efficient, good-effect method to prevent food from rotting. It plays an irreplaceable role in actual production. At present, commonly used preservatives in production include sorbic acid, benzoic acid, parabens, etc., which have certain toxicity. With the enhancement of people's living standards, it's irresistible that food preservatives with health-care functions need to be developed.
Milk rancid mixed bacteria: 1% mixed bacteria were inoculated with different amounts of DMY and benzoic acid broth, and cultured at 37 °C on a shaker. The A60 value was determined by timing sampling, and the inoculation medium without preservative was used as a contrast.
Yeast: Using a potato liquid medium at 28 ° C, and other culture conditions were the same as above.
Penicillium citrinum: 1ml of different concentrations of DMY aqueous solution was added to the plates, poured into 15ml culture medium, mixed, made into a plate, and 1ml of sterile water was used as a blank control. After the plate was solidified, the glass rod was used in the alcohol lamp. Three small holes with a diameter of 5 mm or so are melted in different parts of the plate (there is still a layer of medium at the bottom of the hole). In each cave, 0.01 ml of a spore suspension for the mold was poured, and after inoculation, it was allowed to stand still for 2 hours. After the spore suspension was swallowed, it was cultured in a 28 ° C incubator, and the colony diameter was measured every 24 hours. Draw a growth curve of mold.
Bacteriostatic experiment and dihydromyricetin
| Name | Dihydromyricetin |
| Alias | Ampelopsin; 27200-12-0; Ampeloptin; (+)-Dihydromyricetin; (+)-Ampelopsin |
| CAS No. | 27200-12-0 |
| Formula | C15H12O8 |
| Weight | 320.253 g/mol |
| Usage | Pharmaceuticals/Intermediates |
| Appearance | White powder |
Milk rancid mixed bacteria: 1% mixed bacteria were inoculated with different amounts of DMY and benzoic acid broth, and cultured at 37 °C on a shaker. The A60 value was determined by timing sampling, and the inoculation medium without preservative was used as a contrast.
Yeast: Using a potato liquid medium at 28 ° C, and other culture conditions were the same as above.
Penicillium citrinum: 1ml of different concentrations of DMY aqueous solution was added to the plates, poured into 15ml culture medium, mixed, made into a plate, and 1ml of sterile water was used as a blank control. After the plate was solidified, the glass rod was used in the alcohol lamp. Three small holes with a diameter of 5 mm or so are melted in different parts of the plate (there is still a layer of medium at the bottom of the hole). In each cave, 0.01 ml of a spore suspension for the mold was poured, and after inoculation, it was allowed to stand still for 2 hours. After the spore suspension was swallowed, it was cultured in a 28 ° C incubator, and the colony diameter was measured every 24 hours. Draw a growth curve of mold.
conclusion
Flavonoids are widely existed in natural foods such as vegetables, fruits, and tea, which can reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, inhibit the self-swallowing of white blood cells, and antiviral and antibacterial effects. Studies have shown that phenolic substances can destroy the integrity of cell wall and cell membrane, resulting in the release of intracellular components from microbial cells. This will cause dysfunction of membrane electron transport, nutrient absorption, nucleotide synthesis and ATP activity, thereby inhibiting microbial growth. DMY is a flavonoid substance extracted from the ampelopsis grossedentata, but its antibacterial effect is rarely reported. In this paper, the inhibitory effect of DMY on several common bacteria in food was studied. The results showed that DMY had significant inhibitory effects on milk rancid mixed flora and mold. The rancid mixed flora of milk is mainly based on bacteria and has strong adaptability. The mixed bacteria group treated with DMY in this experiment shows that the antibacterial effect is enhanced with the increase of concentration, and the antibacterial effect of DMY is the best with .1%. It can be inferred that DMY has an inhibitory effect on bacteria on the mold. As the concentration of DMY increases, the antibacterial activity increases, and the antibacterial effect is best with 0.1% aqueous solution. The antibacterial effect on yeast is not obvious. It may be due to the thick cell wall of yeast cells. It is difficult for DMY to pass through the cell wall to act on the cell membrane, and yeast is a single-cell microorganism. Therefore, DMY has an inhibitory effect on common bacterial milk rancid bacteria and penicillium citrinum in food preservation. In addition, as a food additive, DMY is safe and easy to obtain, and have certain health-care effects on the human body. Therefore, it can be applied to fruits and vegetables susceptible to mold and anti-corrosion and preservation of dairy products that are easily infected by milk rancidity.Friday, March 22, 2019
Dihydromyricetin, the "soft gold" in flavonoids
The magical effect of rattan tea was interpreted in Western Medicine:
Dihydromyricetin, a special flavonoid extracted from vine tea, is called "soft gold in flavonoids".
This kind of substance have various peculiar effects such as scavenging free radicals, anti-oxidation, anti-thrombosis, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, etc.. As a special flavonoid compound, in addition to the general characteristics of flavonoids, dihydromyricetin has the following characteristics:
The general flavonoids are nearly insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol (alcohol), while dihydromyricetin is easily soluble in hot water, which means that dihydromyricetin in vine tea can be soaked out with boiling water with better benefits;
In addition to the role of general flavonoids, dihydromyricetin also has the effects of relieving alcoholism, preventing alcoholic liver and fatty liver, inhibiting liver cell deterioration, and reducing the incidence of liver cancer;
Dihydromyricetin has a small molecular weight (320), which makes it easier to pass through the blood-brain barrier and quicker to take effect.
Rattan tea is called the "king of flavonoids"
The statistics of The research progress of rattan Tea from the Institute of Biological Science and Technology in Hubei University for Nationalities show that the total flavonoids (mainly dihydromyricetin) accounts for 36%-45.1% of the rattan tea. Rattan tea extract pharmacological efficac. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the total flavonoid content of these substances' comparison with rattan tea are as follows:
Flavonoid Content Multiples
Rattan tea 36%—45.1% /
Ginkgo biloba 0.40% 110
Propolis 1.0% 45
Eucommia 0.1% 450
Eucommia 5.0% 9
The effects of dihydromyricetin
Dihydromyricetin(Generally called Ampelopsin or DIM), It is a flavanonol with antioxidant and anti-cancer activity, a type of flavonoid. found to have anti-alcohol intoxication effects. It is found in the Ampelopsis species japonica, megalophylla, and Grossedentata; Cercidiphyllum japonicum; Hovenia Dulcis; Rhododendron Cinnabarinum; some Pinus species; and some Cedrus species, as well as in Salix sachalinensis. If you want to buy or know more about this ingredient, please go here. Buy bulk powder
NameDihydromyricetinAliasAmpelopsin; 27200-12-0; Ampeloptin; (+)-Dihydromyricetin; (+)-AmpelopsinCAS No.27200-12-0FormulaC15H12O8Weight320.253 g/molUsagePharmaceuticals/IntermediatesAppearanceWhite powder
Dihydromyricetin has significant effects in cleansing blood, reducing blood viscosity, anti-thrombosis, and clearing blood poison. According to The research progress of the pharmacological action of Dihydromyricetin, dihydromyricetin has the following effects:
Dihydromyricetin is a strong antioxidant that can effectively eliminate oxygen free radicals in the body. Its antioxidation can prevent cell degradation and aging, and can also prevent cancer.
Dihydromyricetin can improve blood circulation, lower cholesterol to greatly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It can also improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Dihydromyricetin has been proved to reduce blood glucose by 26% and glyceryl triglyceride by 39% in animal experiments. It has a good effect on retinopathy and capillary embrittlement caused by diabetes.
Dihydromyricetin can inhibit the exudation of inflammatory biological enzymes, and improve wound healing and pain relief. It has strong anti-histamine property, which can be used for all kinds of allergies.
Dihydromyricetin has anti-tumor and anti-cancer effects. It has dual functions of prevention and treatment, not only for the tumor but for 14 kinds of cancers such as liver cancer, lung cancer, and stomach cancer.
Tea is precious due to its rare "selenium", Rattan tea with selenium is healthier
Rattan tea is rich in selenium, which is more beneficial.
Whether vine tea contains selenium determines the efficacy and quality of vine tea. Enshi is known as the “Selenium of the World”. Its soil and water is rich in selenium so 70% of China's selenium comes from there. The vine tea produced in Laifeng has plentiful selenium, which can meet the selenium intake requirement (50-200ug recommended per person per day).
The research data of the Institute of Biological Science and Technology of Hubei University for Nationalities show that the selenium content of the vine tea produced in Laifeng has 50-100 ug selenium per 100 g of it, which is a unique characteristic of vine tea in Laifeng.
Dihydromyricetin, a special flavonoid extracted from vine tea, is called "soft gold in flavonoids".
This kind of substance have various peculiar effects such as scavenging free radicals, anti-oxidation, anti-thrombosis, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, etc.. As a special flavonoid compound, in addition to the general characteristics of flavonoids, dihydromyricetin has the following characteristics:
The general flavonoids are nearly insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol (alcohol), while dihydromyricetin is easily soluble in hot water, which means that dihydromyricetin in vine tea can be soaked out with boiling water with better benefits;
In addition to the role of general flavonoids, dihydromyricetin also has the effects of relieving alcoholism, preventing alcoholic liver and fatty liver, inhibiting liver cell deterioration, and reducing the incidence of liver cancer;
Dihydromyricetin has a small molecular weight (320), which makes it easier to pass through the blood-brain barrier and quicker to take effect.
Rattan tea is called the "king of flavonoids"
The statistics of The research progress of rattan Tea from the Institute of Biological Science and Technology in Hubei University for Nationalities show that the total flavonoids (mainly dihydromyricetin) accounts for 36%-45.1% of the rattan tea. Rattan tea extract pharmacological efficac. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the total flavonoid content of these substances' comparison with rattan tea are as follows:
Flavonoid Content Multiples
Rattan tea 36%—45.1% /
Ginkgo biloba 0.40% 110
Propolis 1.0% 45
Eucommia 0.1% 450
Eucommia 5.0% 9
The effects of dihydromyricetin
Dihydromyricetin(Generally called Ampelopsin or DIM), It is a flavanonol with antioxidant and anti-cancer activity, a type of flavonoid. found to have anti-alcohol intoxication effects. It is found in the Ampelopsis species japonica, megalophylla, and Grossedentata; Cercidiphyllum japonicum; Hovenia Dulcis; Rhododendron Cinnabarinum; some Pinus species; and some Cedrus species, as well as in Salix sachalinensis. If you want to buy or know more about this ingredient, please go here. Buy bulk powder
NameDihydromyricetinAliasAmpelopsin; 27200-12-0; Ampeloptin; (+)-Dihydromyricetin; (+)-AmpelopsinCAS No.27200-12-0FormulaC15H12O8Weight320.253 g/molUsagePharmaceuticals/IntermediatesAppearanceWhite powder
Dihydromyricetin has significant effects in cleansing blood, reducing blood viscosity, anti-thrombosis, and clearing blood poison. According to The research progress of the pharmacological action of Dihydromyricetin, dihydromyricetin has the following effects:
Dihydromyricetin is a strong antioxidant that can effectively eliminate oxygen free radicals in the body. Its antioxidation can prevent cell degradation and aging, and can also prevent cancer.
Dihydromyricetin can improve blood circulation, lower cholesterol to greatly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It can also improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Dihydromyricetin has been proved to reduce blood glucose by 26% and glyceryl triglyceride by 39% in animal experiments. It has a good effect on retinopathy and capillary embrittlement caused by diabetes.
Dihydromyricetin can inhibit the exudation of inflammatory biological enzymes, and improve wound healing and pain relief. It has strong anti-histamine property, which can be used for all kinds of allergies.
Dihydromyricetin has anti-tumor and anti-cancer effects. It has dual functions of prevention and treatment, not only for the tumor but for 14 kinds of cancers such as liver cancer, lung cancer, and stomach cancer.
Tea is precious due to its rare "selenium", Rattan tea with selenium is healthier
Rattan tea is rich in selenium, which is more beneficial.
Whether vine tea contains selenium determines the efficacy and quality of vine tea. Enshi is known as the “Selenium of the World”. Its soil and water is rich in selenium so 70% of China's selenium comes from there. The vine tea produced in Laifeng has plentiful selenium, which can meet the selenium intake requirement (50-200ug recommended per person per day).
The research data of the Institute of Biological Science and Technology of Hubei University for Nationalities show that the selenium content of the vine tea produced in Laifeng has 50-100 ug selenium per 100 g of it, which is a unique characteristic of vine tea in Laifeng.
The role of selenium
According to Medical Health, selenium has the following effects:
Enhance immunity. Organic selenium can eliminate free radicals in the body, remove internal toxins, resist oxidation, clear cholesterol, and enhance immune function.
Prevent diabetes. Improve the symptoms of diabetic patients.
Prevent cataracts. Selenium is capable of protecting the retina, enhancing the smoothness of the vitreous, improving vision, and preventing cataracts.
Prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Selenium is a vital element maintaining the normal function of the heart, and it has a protective and repairing effect on the heart.
Protect the liver. Selenium supplementation can reduce the incidence of liver cancer by 35%, and the incidence of patients who have a history of liver cancer in families is reduced by 50%.
Comprehensive nutrition, recovery without recurrence
Due to the specific climate and natural conditions in the Enshilaifeng area, the vine tea produced it is extremely rich in nutrition:
Firstly, it is rich in a variety of trace elements, iron, copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, manganese, selenium, sodium, fluorine, iodine, potassium and so on.
Secondly, it is rich in 17 kinds of amino acids.
Rich nutrients help to strengthen the body's resistance and restore health without recurrence.
Thursday, March 21, 2019
2,4-Difluorobenzonitrile
| Name | 2,4-Difluorobenzonitrile |
| Alias | 2,4-Difluorobenzenecarbonitrile; 2,4-Difluorobenzenecarbonitrile; Benzonitrile, 2,4-difluoro-; 2,4-difluoro-benzonitrile; 2,4-Difluoro Benzonitrile |
| CAS No. | 103496-86-2; 3939-09-1 |
| Formula | C7H3F2N |
| Weight | 139.105 g/mol |
| Usage | Cosmetics/Pharmaceuticals/Intermediates |
| Appearance | White Crystalline Powder |
Analysis Of Product
| Tests | Specifications | Results |
| Assay (HPLC) | ≥98.0% | 99.5% |
| Appearance | White Crystalline Powder | Complies |
| Water content | ≤0.5% | 0.2% |
2,4-Difluoro Benzonitrile is colorless transparent liquid. Its melting point is 45-50 ° C. It's mainly used as a pharmaceutical intermediate.
It is harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. It is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. If your eyes accidentally contact with it, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
When using it, you must wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and goggle or masks.
2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid
| Name | 2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid |
| Alias | Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid; Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate; 2,3-Dicarboxypyrazine; 2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid |
| CAS No. | 89-01-0 |
| Formula | C6H4N2O4 |
| Weight | 168.108 g/mol |
| Usage | Pharmaceuticals/Intermediates |
| Appearance | White powder |
Analysis Of Product
| Tests | Specifications | Results |
| Assay (HPLC) | ≥99.0% | 99.7% |
| Appearance | Almost white crystalline powder | Complies |
| Water Content | ≤0.5% | Complies |
| Total Impurities | ≤2.0% | Complies |
2',3'-Dideoxycytidine
| Name | 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine |
| Alias | zalcitabine; Dideoxycytidine; ddCyd |
| CAS No. | 7481-89-2 |
| Formula | C9H13N3O3 |
| Weight | 211.221 g/mol |
| Usage | Pharmaceuticals/Intermediates |
| Appearance | White powder |
Analysis Of Product
| Tests | Specifications | Results |
| Assay (HPLC) | ＞98% | 98.80% |
| Flash Point | 204.8ºC | Conform |
| Boiling Point | 415ºC at 760 mmHg | Conform |
| Relative Density | 1.57 g/cm3 | Conform |
| Melting Point | 210-218 ºC | 216 ºC |
| Refractive Index | 78 ° (C=0.5, H2O) | Conform |
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: White crystalline powder. Odorless.
Zalcitabine (2′-3′-dideoxycytidine, ddC), also called dideoxycytidine, is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) sold under the trade name Hivid. Zalcitabine was the third antiretroviral to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is used as part of a combination regimen.
Zalcitabine appears less potent than some other nucleoside RTIs, has an inconvenient three-times daily frequency and is associated with serious adverse events. For these reasons, it is now rarely used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and it has even been removed from pharmacies entirely in some countries.
1,2-Octanediol
| Name | 1,2-Octanediol |
| Alias | 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol; octane-1,2-diol |
| CAS No. | 1117-86-8 |
| Formula | C8H18O2 |
| Weight | 146.23 g/mol |
| Usage | Cosmetics/Pharmaceuticals/Intermediates |
| Appearance | White Solid/Colorless liquid |
Analysis Of Product
| Tests | Specifications | Results |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid | OK |
| Purity | >98.5 | 99.01% |
| Water Content | <0.5% | 0.1% |
1,2-Octanediol, also known as caprylyl glycol, is a diol with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)5CHOHCH2OH. Octane-1,2-diol is an octanediol.
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